Every aspect of Krishna and His deeds is pregnant with deep mystical symbolism, indicating the highest Truth. Consciousness is the pure Self, the sentient Life Principle which enlivens one's material equipment to function in their respective realms. Consciousness is the very Subject of all experiences and therefore cannot be objectively experienced.
In Sanskrit, the word Krishna means "dark", indicating the Supreme Consciousness. Pure Consciousness is said to be "dark", not as opposed to "light" but in the sense that it is unseen by or unknown to one as long as one remains rooted in earthly experiences, limited to the realms of perceptions, emotions, and thoughts gained through the physical body, the mind, and the intellect.
The incarnation of Krishna represents the descent of the infinite Brahman to the material world. The ever smiling Lotus - eyed Krishna, with a garland of flowers around His neck, is described as being blue in colour and wearing yellow clothes. Blue is the colour of the infinite and whatever is immeasurable can appear to the mortal eye only as blue, like the sky and the ocean. Yellow represents the earth. Anything buried in the earth gathers a yellow hue; and fire earth (mud silica) emits a yellow hue. Hence, the finite blue form of Krishna clothed in yellow appropriately suggests the pure infinite Consciousness. The one infinite Reality has become the world of endless forms. Therefore, every form in the universe, in a sense, is but a representation of a primeval Truth.
The infinite, all pervading Truth, donning the finite form of a human being, gives the impression that Truth is fettered and limited. This idea of the limitless Truth seeming to be limited, is well brought out by the fact that Krishna is said to have been born in prison. Kamsa, Krishna's maternal uncle and Chanura his minister, imprisoned his father and usurped the throne of Mathura. Their tyrannical rule caused confusion and chaos everywhere. Krishna destroyed the tyrants and restored peace and order in the land. Similarly, our bosom is usurped by two evil forces, namely, the ego and the egocentric desires, which cause agitations, worries, and anxieties within. When these two forces are conquered by one's higher nature, the original glory and splendour of the Self is restored.
Krishna, the beloved boy of Brindavan, is pictured amid the dancing gopis. Much criticism has been levelled against Krishna's association with milkmaids. Little do the critics realize that the Lord is ever an unconcerned and unaffected witness of the milkmaids' dance, even though He may be in their midst. Krishna is like the Consciousness within, which vitalizes one's thoughts (gopis) but remains unperturbed and unaffected by them. The Self is ever immaculate, uncontaminated by the thoughts in one's bosom. Thus, if the lives of such godmen are read without understanding their mystical symbolism one comes to wrong and, at times, absurd conclusions.
The gopis performed their obligatory duties throughout the day in constant remembrance of Krishna. Their limbs were ceaselessly engaged in activity while their minds were very attuned to the Lord. Thus, in essence, karma yoga is the dedication of one's actions to a higher altar while working without ego and egocentric desires. Such dedicated activities exhaust one's existing vasanas (inherent tendencies) and also prevent the formation of any new vasanas. Hence, Krishna is described as a thief stealing the butter which the gopis had carefully stored in their homes.
The most beautiful and most beloved of all gopis was Radha. The love of Radha and Krishna is symbolic of the eternal love affair between the devoted mortal and the Divine. In relation to God, it is said that we are all women. Radha's yearning for union with her beloved Krishna is the soul's longing for spiritual awakening -- to be united with the one Source of Peace and Bliss from which it has become separated. This long forgotten pain of separation is the root cause of all suffering. To rediscover our Oneness is the source of all happiness and fulfillment. In this sense, Krishna is the fulfillment of all desires.
Every human being is constantly seeking a share of peace and happiness, and since one does not know the real source of these, one seeks them in the midst of sense objects. But when, in devotion, one comes to turn one's entire attention towards the Higher and the Nobler, one experiences the Immortal, the Infinite, as intimately as one experienced the world and its changes earlier. Bhagavan Himself says in the Bhagavatam, "The mind that constantly contemplates upon the sense objects, irresistibly comes to revel in their finite joys, and the mind that learns to constantly remember Me comes to dissolve into Me." Radha represents this state of devotion and the consequent merging with the Lord.
Mother Durga is the Power Terrible, That manifested out of the Eternal Truth, which is Paripoorna, and so has in Herself, all powers.
Man, the imperfect, the bound, the sorrowful, has a thousand enemies within. He is riddled with negative thoughts, fears, yearnings. There are selfishness, jealousy, meanness, prejudice. and hatred -- just to mention but a few. The Sadhak must get rid of these lawless villains within. In Mother Kali's Kripa, these destructive masters are to be annihilated. No amount of soft persuasions can avail. The forces of Shri Rudra must be applied. There must be a deep determined, adamantine resolve, and a fight - royal - within, as sanguine as Kali's ferocious sword dripping with blood; and unless the Sadhak is ready to wear about his neck the Skull - mala of these murdered false values there can be no peace or order in the within.
Invoke the Mother Terrible, to help us annihilate within all negative forces; all weaknesses, all littleness. It is these that have removed us from our own selves, the Supreme Parameshwara Swaroopa which we all are.
Lord Shiva's first son is described as the Supreme Leader (Vinayaka) or as the Leader of the "Ganas" (Ganapati) who attends upon and follows at all times Lord Shiva, as the Lord of all Obstacles (Vighneshwara). These names clearly show that He is a Master of all circumstances and not even the divine forces can ever obstruct His path. Since He is thus the Lord of all Obstacles, no Hindu ritual or auspicious act is ever undertaken without invoking Him. With His Grace, it is believed that no undertaking can fail due to subjective or objective obstacles.
He is considered as having married both Lakshmi and Saraswati, the Godesses of Wealth and Knowledge repectively. In short, He is the Master of Knowledge (Vidya) and champion of worldly achievements (Avidya).
In this characterization Shri Ganapati represents a Man of Perfect Wisdom, and a fully Realized Vedantin. Westerners are shocked to notice that Hindus revere a Divine Form which is so ridiculous and absurd. But the Elephant Headed Lord of all Difficulties in life indeed represents the highest and the best that have ever been given in our Scriptures. To a Vedantic student, since his "path of knowledge" is essentially intellectual, he must have a great head to conceive and understand the logic of the Vedantic thought, and in fact, the truth of Vedanta can be comprehended only through listening to a teacher and, therefore, Shravana (listening) is the initial stage to be mastered by the new initiate. Therefore, Shri Ganapati has large ears representing continuous and intelligent listening to the teacher.
After "listening" (shravana) to the truths of the Upanishads. Vedantic student must independently "reflect" (manana) upon what he has heard, for which he needs a sensitive intelligence with ample sympathy to discover in himself sufficient accommodation for all living creatures in the universe.
His intellect must have such depth and width in order to embrace in his vision the entire world - of - plurality. Not only must he, in his visualization, embrace the whole cosmos, but he must have the subtle discriminative power (viveka) in him to distinguish the changing, perishable, matter vestures from the Eternal, Immutable, All Pervading Consciousness, the Spirit. This discrimination is possible only when the intellect of the student has consciously cultivated this power to a large degree of perfection.
The trunk, coming down the forehead of the elephant face, has got a peculiar efficiency and beats all achievements of man and his ingenuity in the mechanical and scientific world. Here is a "tool" which can at once uproot a tree or pick up a pin from the ground. The elephant can lift and pull heavy weights with his trunk and, at the same time, it is so sensitive at its tip that the same instrument can be employed by the elephant to pluck a blade of grass. The mechanical instruments cannot have this range of adaptability. The spanner that is used for tightening the bolts of a gigantic wheel cannot be used to repair a lady's watch. Like the elephant's trunk, so should be the perfect discriminative faculty of an evolved intellect so that it can use its discrimination fully in the outer world for resolving gross problems, and at the same time, efficiently employ its discrimination in the subtle realms of the inner personality layers.
The discriminative power in us can function only where there are two factors to discriminate between; these two factors represent the tusks of the elephant and the trunk growing down between them. Between good and evil, right and wrong, and all the dualities must we discriminate and come to our own judgements and conclusions in life. Shri Vinayaka is represented as having lost one of His tusks in a quarrel with Parshurama, a great disciple of Lord Shiva. This broken tusk indicates that a real Vedantic student of subjective experience is one who has gone beyond the pairs - of -opposites (dwandwaatita).
He has the widest mouth and the largest appetite. In Kubera's Palace, He cured Kubera's vanity that in his riches he had become the 'Treasurer of the Heavens '. When Kubera offered Him a dinner He ate all the food that was prepared for the entire guests. Thereafter, He started eating the utensils and then the decorative pandal, and still He was not satisfied. Then his father, Lord Shiva, approached Him and gave Him a handful of "puffed rice" to eat. Eating this he became satisfied.
The above story narrated in the Puranas, is very significant that a Man of Perfection has an endless appetite for life. He lives in the Consciousness and to him every experience, good or bad, is only a play of the Infinite through him. Lord Shiva, the Teacher, alone can satisfy the hungers of such sincere students by giving them a handful of "roasted rice", representing fried seeds, indicating the "baked vasanas", burnt in the Fire of Knowledge. When one's vasanas are burnt up, the inordinate enthusiasm of experiencing life is also whetted.
A Man of Perfection must have a big belly to stomach peacefully, as it were, all the experiences of life, auspicious and inauspicious.
When such a Mastermind sits dangling his foot down, it is again significant, in the symbolism of the Puranas. Generally we move about in the world through the corridors of our experiences on our two feet, or the inner subtle body, the mind and the intellect. A Perfect Man of Wisdom has integrated them both to such an extent that they have become in him as One - an intellect into which the mind has folded and has become completely subservient.
At such a great Yogi's feet are the endless eatables of life, meaning, the enjoyable glories of physical existence. All powers come to serve Him, the entire world of cosmic forces are, thereafter, His obedient servants, seeking their shelter at His feet; the whole world and its environment is waiting at His feet for His pleasure and command.
In the representation of Shri Vinayaka we always find a mouse sitting in the midst of the beautiful, fragrant readymade food, but if you observe closely, you will find that the poor mouse is sitting looking up at the Lord, shivering with anticipation, but not daring to touch anything without His command. Now and then, He allows the mouse to eat.
A mouse is a small little animal with tiny teeth, and yet, in a barn of grain a solitary mouse can bring disastrous losses by continuously gnawing and nibbling at the grain. Similarly, there is a "mouse" within each personality which can eat away even a mountain of merit in us, and this mouse is the power of desire. The Man of Perfection is one who has so perfectly mastered this urge to acquire, possess and enjoy, this self - annihilating power of desire, that it is completely held in obedience to the will of the Master. And yet, when the Master wants to play His part in blessing the world He rides upon the mouse. Meaning, it is a desire to do service to the world that becomes His vehicle to move about and act.
The Puranas tell us how once Shri Vighneshwara, while riding His mouse, was thrown down and it looked so ridiculous that the Moon laughed at the comic sight. It is said in the Puranas that the great - bellied Lord Vinayaka looked at the Moon and cursed that nobody would ever look at the Moon on that day - the Vinayaka Chaturthi.
When a Man of Perfection (Vinayaka) moves about in the world, riding on His insignificant - looking vehicle, the "desire" to serve (mouse), the gross intellects of the world (Moon, the presiding Deity of the Intellect) would be tempted to laugh at such prophets and seers.
The Lord of Obstacles, Shri Vighneshwara, has four arms representing the four inner equipments (antahkarana). In one hand He has a Rope, in another an Axe. With the Axe, He cuts off the attachments of His devotees to the world of plurality and thus ends all the consequent sorrows. With the Rope, He pulls them nearer and nearer to the Truth, and ultimately ties them down to the Highest Goal. In his third hand He holds a rice ball (modaka), representing the reward of the joys of sadhana which He gives His devotees. With the other hand He blesses all His devotees and protects them from all obstacles on their Spiritual Path of seeking the Supreme.
On the spiritual pilgrimage, all the obstacles are created by the very subjective and objective worlds in the seeker himself. His attachment to the world of objects, emotions and thoughts, are alone his obstacles. Shri Vighneshwara chops them off with an Axe and holds the attention of the seeker constantly towards the Higher with the Rope that He has in His left hand. Enroute, He feeds the seeker with modaka (the joy of satisfaction experienced by the evolving seeker of Reality) and blesses him continuously with greater and greater progress, until at last, the Man of Perfection becomes Himself the Lord of Obstacles, Shri Vighneshwara.
The above three of four examples should clearly bring to your mind the art employed by Vyasa in his mystical word paintings. It must be evidently clear to all sensitive thinkers that the representations given in the various symbolisms are not as many different Deities, but that they are vivid pen portraits of the subjective Truth described in the Upanishadic lore. The student must have the subtle sensitivity of a poet, the ruthless intellect of a scientist, and the soft heart of the beloved, in order to enter into the enchanted realm of mysticism created by the poet - seer, Vyasa.
To the crude intellect and its gross understanding, these may look ridiculous; but art can be fully appreciated only by hearts that have art in them. With at least a cursory knowledge of Vedanta, when we review the Puranas they cannot strike us as extremely noisy but reverberating with the clamouring echoes of the Upanishadic melody.
As a character, Hanuman represents a perfect man of education and culture, proficient and efficient, and ever a go - getter. Nothing seems to be impossible for him. To think is to act for him; to conceive is to achieve. Yet, this beautiful characterisation, all along Ramayana, so tenderly both handled and dandled by the sensitive poet Valmiki, has been deliberately wrapped up in the outer anatomical shell of a monkey ! Any sensitive student of literature will be compelled to pause for a moment to wonder, "Was it a monkey?" To suggest this question in the minds of the readers, Valmiki himself describes him as, "Is he a man?" (Va - nara). The symbolism suggested is evidently clear to all deep students of our scriptural texts, who are familiar with our cultural diction, and who are trained to be sensitive in the Indian tradition of poetry.
Monkeys represent thoughts, the similarity being that both are restless (chanchala) and unsteady (asthira). Of all thoughts, the very minister of Sugreeva (Sushtu Greevam -- -well reined), now in his exile, was Hanuman, extremely erudite and scholarly. Yet, this thought personality cannot bring out its potential might and beauty, albeit serving as the minister to "Self Control". Knowledge and erudition, with moral restraint and physical control, is the highest from the standpoint of worldly education. Yet, Valmiki demonstrates that all the potentialities inherent can blossom forth only when that knowledge bows down to Rama, the Spiritual Essence.
From the moment Anjaneya meets with Rama, the Ramayana distinctly reveals a mysterious unfoldment of great powers, an explosion of inconceivable merits and beauties in that apparently ridiculous and seemingly insignificant form of a monkey. Such an explosion we watch all down history, demonstrated in a carpenter's son becoming Jesus, or an equally empty Prince Siddhartha rising to the status of a Buddha, or an insignificant student of Calcutta University, Narendra, hatching himself out to become the gracious and dynamic Vivekananda.
However wise and intelligent we may be, even when that wise man has character and self control, it is not all. Only when these thoughts move, in utter devotion and total loyalty towards "that which revels in everything" (Rama), that all the inherent divine potentialities can get a chance to blossom forth.
Thereafter, as the loyal servant of Shri Rama, the personality of Hanuman unfolds its infinite strength and endless beauty for all generations to watch, and yet in himself he remains outwardly a Va - nara and inwardly a steady and total devotee. Centred in Rama, he acted. For Rama, he achieved. Rama's glory was his only glory. There stands now the puny monkey, larger than life: greater than the greatest, the eternal devotee, his strength, his wisdom, his love and his all, dedicated totally to Rama. Thereafter, we detect the Supreme expressing through this insignificant looking monkey, making us all wonder, "Is it a man (Va - nara)?" or "Is it a God (Va - deva)?"
